如何在 Python 中使用 tkinter 构建一个简单的 GUI 计算器
pythonserver side programmingprogramming
简介
在 Python 中，我们使用 tkinter 库 来创建 GUI 组件并制作更好的用户界面。
在本文中，您将学习构建一个简单的基于 GUI 的计算器应用程序的方法。
入门
在开始之前，我们需要先整理一些事情。
首先让我们下载 Python 的图像库，我们将使用它从本地系统获取图像。要安装 PIL(Pillow)，请启动您的终端并输入以下命令。
pip install Pillow
现在您已经安装了该软件包。您必须下载计算器所需的图标。
您可以访问 Google 图片并下载所需的图标。但是，如果您想要我为这个项目使用的同一套图标，您可以从 − 下载它。
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0zqd6zd9b8asmor/AAC3d2iOvMRl8INkbCuMUo_ya?dl=0.
确保将所有图标下载到名为"asset"的文件夹中。
接下来，我们需要导入所需的模块。
from tkinter import * from PIL import Image # pip install Pillow from PIL import ImageTk
就是这样。现在您必须已设置好一切并准备开始。
创建函数
首先，我们必须创建 GUI 组件将使用的函数。
有三个主要函数，一个是按下数字或符号时，另一个是按下等于按钮时，最后是按下清除按钮时。
让我们首先初始化几个全局变量 −
txt = "" res = False ans = 0
示例
按下按键数时的函数 −
def press(num): global txt, ans, res if (res==True): txt = ans res = False txt = txt + str(num) equation.set(txt)
示例1
按下等于按钮时的功能−
def equal():
try:
global txt, ans, res
ans = str(eval(txt))
equation.set(ans)
res = True
except:
equation.set("ERROR : Invalid Equation")
txt=""
按下清除按钮时的函数 −
示例
def clear():
global txt, ans, res
txt = ""
equation.set("")
res = False
现在我们已经定义了函数，我们可以启动主函数并开始处理 GUI 组件。
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = Tk()
window.configure(background="black")
window.title("Calculator")
window.iconbitmap("assets\Calculator\Logo.ico")
window.geometry("343x417")
window.resizable(0,0)
上述代码行将构建一个完美的计算器。
注意 − 为了避免出现错误，请确保遵循与上述代码完全相同的文件结构。将徽标图标保存在 assets 文件夹内的 Calculator 文件夹中。
遵循以下格式 −
+---Working Directory +---Calculator.py +---assets +---Calculator +---All the icons.
接下来，让我们设计一个文本字段，我们将在其中看到数字。
equation = StringVar()
txt_field = Entry(relief=RIDGE,textvariable=equation,bd=10,font=("Aerial",20),bg="powder blue")
txt_field.grid(columnspan=4,ipady=10,ipadx=10,sticky="nsew")
现在，我们将按照重复的步骤，逐个将图标添加到 GUI 窗口。下面是其中的一个例子，您可以按照它进行其余操作，也可以从本文末尾的完整代码中复制。
示例
width=80
height=80
img1 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/one.PNG")
img1 = img1.resize((width,height))
oneImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img1)
button1 = Button(window, image=oneImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(1),height=height,width=width)
button1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky="nsew")
与上面的代码行类似，按照 button2、button3 等操作，直到覆盖所有数字和符号。
就这样了。它。如果你现在运行该程序，你会看到一个非常抽象的计算器。
如果你无法跟进，你可以从下面获取完整的代码。
示例
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageTk
txt = ""
res = False
ans = 0
def press(num):
global txt, ans, res
if (res==True):
txt = ans
res = False
txt = txt + str(num)
equation.set(txt)
def equal():
try:
global txt, ans, res
ans = str(eval(txt))
equation.set(ans)
res = True
except:
equation.set("ERROR : Invalid Equation")
txt=""
def clear():
global txt, ans, res
txt = ""
equation.set("")
res = False
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = Tk()
window.configure(background="black")
window.title("Calculator")
window.iconbitmap("assets\Calculator\Logo.ico")
window.geometry("343x417")
window.resizable(0,0)
equation = StringVar()
txt_field = Entry(relief=RIDGE,textvariable=equation,bd=10,font=("Aerial",20),bg="powder blue")
txt_field.grid(columnspan=4,ipady=10,ipadx=10,sticky="nsew")
width=80
height=80
img1 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/one.PNG")
img1 = img1.resize((width,height))
oneImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img1)
button1 = Button(window, image=oneImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(1),height=height,width=width)
button1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky="nsew")
img2 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/two.PNG")
img2 = img2.resize((width,height))
twoImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img2)
button2 = Button(window, image=twoImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(2),height=height,width=width)
button2.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky="nsew")
img3 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/three.PNG")
img3 = img3.resize((width,height))
threeImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img3)
button3 = Button(window, image=threeImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(3),height=height,width=width)
button3.grid(row=2,column=2,sticky="nsew")
img4 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/four.PNG")
img4 = img4.resize((width,height))
fourImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img4)
button4 = Button(window, image=fourImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(4),height=height,width=width)
button4.grid(row=3,column=0,sticky="nsew")
img5 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/five.PNG")
img5 = img5.resize((width,height))
fiveImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img5)
button5 = Button(window, image=fiveImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(5),height=height,width=width)
button5.grid(row=3,column=1,sticky="nsew")
img6 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/six.PNG")
img6 = img6.resize((width,height))
sixImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img6)
button6 = Button(window, image=sixImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(6),height=height,width=width)
button6.grid(row=3,column=2,sticky="nsew")
img7 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/seven.PNG")
img7 = img7.resize((width,height))
sevenImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img7)
button7 = Button(window, image=sevenImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(7),height=height,width=width)
button7.grid(row=4,column=0,sticky="nsew")
img8 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/eight.PNG")
img8 = img8.resize((width,height))
eightImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img8)
button8 = Button(window, image=eightImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(8),height=height,width=width)
button8.grid(row=4,column=1,sticky="nsew")
img9 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/nine.PNG")
img9 = img9.resize((width,height))
nineImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img9)
button9 = Button(window, image=nineImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(9),height=height,width=width)
button9.grid(row=4,column=2,sticky="nsew")
img0 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/zero.PNG")
img0 = img0.resize((width,height))
zeroImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img0)
button0 = Button(window, image=zeroImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(0),height=height,width=width)
button0.grid(row=5,column=1,sticky="nsew")
imgx = Image.open("assets/Calculator/multiply.PNG")
imgx = imgx.resize((width,height))
multiplyImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgx)
buttonx = Button(window, image=multiplyImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("*"),height=height,width=width)
buttonx.grid(row=2,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgadd = Image.open("assets/Calculator/add.PNG")
imgadd = imgadd.resize((width,height))
addImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgadd)
buttonadd = Button(window, image=addImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("+"),height=height,width=width)
buttonadd.grid(row=3,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgdiv = Image.open("assets/Calculator/divide.PNG")
imgdiv = imgdiv.resize((width,height))
divImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgdiv)
buttondiv = Button(window, image=divImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("/"),height=height,width=width)
buttondiv.grid(row=5,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgsub = Image.open("assets/Calculator/subtract.PNG")
imgsub = imgsub.resize((width,height))
subImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgsub)
buttonsub = Button(window, image=subImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("- "),height=height,width=width)
buttonsub.grid(row=4,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgeq = Image.open("assets/Calculator/equal.PNG")
imgeq = imgeq.resize((width,height))
eqImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgeq)
buttoneq = Button(window, image=eqImage,bg="white",command = equal,height=height,width=width)
buttoneq.grid(row=5,column=2,sticky="nsew")
imgclear = Image.open("assets/Calculator/clear.PNG")
imgclear = imgclear.resize((width,height))
clearImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgclear)
buttonclear = Button(window, image=clearImage,bg="white",command = clear,height=height,width=width)
buttonclear.grid(row=5,column=0,sticky="nsew")
window.mainloop()
如果您在使用上述程序时遇到格式问题，您也可以从 https://github.com/SVijayB/PyHub/blob/master/Graphics/Simple%20Calculator.py 获取它。
输出
