Python 程序根据字符的最高和最低 ASCII 值打印句子中的单词
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ASCII(美国信息交换标准代码)是一种字符编码系统，它将每个字符表示为唯一的 7 位二进制代码，即 ASCII 值是字符的数字表示。 ASCII 值是 7 位二进制代码，范围从 0 到 127。例如，空格字符的 ASCII 码为 32，数字"1"的 ASCII 码为 49，同样，ASCII 码分配给每个字符，这些字符在 ASCII 表中表示。
在 Python 中，可以使用预定义函数 ord() 计算字符的 ASCII 码，该函数将字符作为输入并返回该字符的 ASCII 码。
例如，ord('A') 返回 65。
问题陈述
给定一个字符串 S。打印其字符 ASCII 值平均值最高和最低的单词。
示例 1
输入
S = "today is a sunny day"
输出
Highest ASCII value = "sunny" Lowest ASCII value = "a"
解释
Average of ASCII values: today = (116 + 111 + 100 + 97 + 121) / 5 = 109 is = (105 + 115) / 2 = 110 a = 97 / 1 = 97 sunny = (115 + 117 + 110 + 110 + 121) / 5 = 114.6 day = (100 + 97 + 121) / 3 = 106 Thus, "sunny" has the highest average and "a" has the lowest average.
示例 2
输入
S = "pink city"
输出
Highest ASCII value = "city" Lowest ASCII value = "pink"
解释
Explanation: Average of ASCII values: pink = (112 + 105 + 110 + 107) / 4 = 108.5 city = (99 + 105 + 116 + 121) / 4 = 110.25 Thus, "city" has the highest average and "pink" has the lowest average.
方法 1:强力方法
该问题的强力解决方案是将输入的句子拆分成单词，然后计算每个单词的 ASCII 值的平均值，以找到字符 ASCII 值的最高和最低平均值。
为了将输入字符串转换为单词列表，我们使用内置的 split() 函数。
伪代码
procedure ascii_avg (word)
sum = 0
For each character c in word
sum = sum + ord(c)
end for
avg = sum / length(word)
ans = avg
end procedure
procedure highLow (sentence)
words = split sentence by whitespace
high_word = words[0]
low_word = words[0]
high_avg = ascii_avg(words[0])
low_avg = ascii_avg(words[0])
for i = 1 to length(words) - 1
word = words[i]
avg = ascii_avg(word)
if avg > high_avg
high_word = word
high_avg = avg
else if avg < low_avg
low_word = word
low_avg = avg
end if
end for
print "Highest ASCII value:", high_word
print "Lowest ASCII value:", low_word
end procedure
示例:Python 实现
在下面的程序中，我们使用 split 函数将句子拆分为单词。
def ascii_avg(word):
"""
Returns the average ASCII value of a word.
"""
return sum(ord(c) for c in word) / len(word)
def highLow (sentence):
"""
Prints the words with the highest and lowest average ASCII values in a sentence.
"""
words = sentence.split()
high_word, low_word = words[0], words[0]
high_avg, low_avg = ascii_avg(words[0]), ascii_avg(words[0])
for word in words[1:]:
avg = ascii_avg(word)
if avg > high_avg:
high_word, high_avg = word, avg
elif avg < low_avg:
low_word, low_avg = word , avg
print("Highest ASCII value:", high_word)
print("Lowest ASCII value:", low_word)
highLow("today is a sunny day")
输出
Highest ASCII value: sunny Lowest ASCII value: a
方法 2:使用堆
解决这个问题的另一种方法是保留一个堆，以保存迄今为止最高和最低的 ASCII 值。此外，我们维护一个字典，将单词映射到它们的 ASCII 值，并使用堆提取最高和最低值。
伪代码
procedure highLow(sentence)
words = split sentence by whitespace
word_avg = {}
for each word in words
avg = 0
for each character c in word
avg = avg + ord(c)
end for
avg = avg / length(word)
word_avg[word] = avg
end for
high_heap = []
low_heap = []
for word, avg IN word_avg.items()
heapq.heappush(high_heap, (-avg, word))
heapq.heappush(low_heap, (avg, word))
end for
high_word = heapq.heappop(high_heap)[1]
low_word = heapq.heappop(low_heap)[1]
print "Highest ASCII value:", high_word
print "Lowest ASCII value:", low_word
end procedure
示例:Python 实现
在下面的程序中，我们使用堆来跟踪最高和最低 ASCII 值，并使用字典来映射值。
import heapq
def highLow(sentence):
"""
Prints the words with the highest and lowest average ASCII values in a sentence.
"""
words = sentence.split()
word_avg = {word: sum(ord(c) for c in word) / len(word) for word in words}
high_heap = [(-avg, word) for word, avg in word_avg.items()]
low_heap = [(avg, word) for word, avg in word_avg.items()]
heapq.heapify(high_heap)
heapq.heapify(low_heap)
high_word = heapq.heappop(high_heap)[1]
low_word = heapq.heappop(low_heap)[1]
print("Highest ASCII value:", high_word)
print("Lowest ASCII value:", low_word)
highLow("today is a sunny day")
输出
Highest ASCII value: sunny Lowest ASCII value: a
方法 3:使用内置函数
使用内置函数(如 ord() 返回字符的 ASCII 值、max() 和 min() 查找最大值和最小值)即可解决问题。
伪代码
procedure highLow(sentence) words = split sentence by whitespace high_word = max(words, key=lambda w: sum(ord(c) for c in w) / len(w)) low_word = min(words, key=lambda w: sum(ord(c) for c in w) / len(w)) print "Highest ASCII value:", high_word print "Lowest ASCII value:", low_word end procedure
示例:Python 实现
在下面的程序中，我们使用内置的 Python 函数来查找 ASCII 值最高和最低的单词。
def highLow(sentence):
"""
Prints the words with the highest and lowest average ASCII values in a sentence.
"""
words = sentence.split()
# min() and max() are built-in functions
high_word = max(words, key=lambda w: sum(ord(c) for c in w) / len(w))
low_word = min(words, key=lambda w: sum(ord(c) for c in w) / len(w))
print("Highest ASCII value:", high_word)
print("Lowest ASCII value:", low_word)
highLow("today is a sunny day")
输出
Highest ASCII value: sunny Lowest ASCII value: a
时间复杂度 - O(nlogn)
空间复杂度 - O(n)
方法 4:按平均 ASCII 值对单词进行排序
通过按平均 ASCII 值对单词进行排序，我们可以从最后一个元素中找到最高值，从第一个元素中找到最低值。
伪代码
procedure highLow (sentence) words = split sentence by whitespace words_sorted = sort words by key=lambda w: sum(ord(c) for c in w) / len(w) print "Highest ASCII value:", last word in words_sorted print "Lowest ASCII value:", first word in words_sorted end procedure
示例:Python 实现
在下面的程序中，我们根据单词的平均 ASCII 值对单词进行排序。
def highLow(sentence):
"""
Prints the words with the highest and lowest average ASCII values in a sentence.
"""
words = sentence.split()
# Sorts the words in ascending order
words_sorted = sorted(words, key=lambda w: sum(ord(c) for c in w) / len(w))
print("Highest ASCII value:", words_sorted[-1])
print("Lowest ASCII value:", words_sorted[0])
highLow("today is a sunny day")
输出
Highest ASCII value: sunny Lowest ASCII value: a
时间复杂度 - O(nlogn)
空间复杂度 - O(n)
结论
总之，要找到平均 ASCII 值最高和最低的单词，我们可以使用上述任何一种方法，其中一些方法很容易理解，但时间复杂度很高，为 O(n^2)，但使用内置函数可以将其降低到 O(nlogn)。
