NumPy - 副本和视图

在执行函数时,其中一些返回输入数组的副本,而一些返回视图。 当内容物理存储在另一个位置时,称为副本。 另一方面,如果提供相同内存内容的不同视图,我们将其称为视图


禁止复制

简单的赋值不会复制数组对象。 相反,它使用与原始数组相同的 id() 来访问它。 id()返回一个Python对象的通用标识符,类似于C中的指针。

此外,其中任何一个的任何更改都会反映到另一个。 例如,改变一个的形状也会改变另一个的形状。

示例

import numpy as np 
a = np.arange(6) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print a  

print 'Applying id() function:' 
print id(a)  

print 'a is assigned to b:' 
b = a 
print b  

print 'b has same id():' 
print id(b)  

print 'Change shape of b:' 
b.shape = 3,2 
print b  

print 'Shape of a also gets changed:' 
print a

它将产生以下输出 −

Our array is:
[0 1 2 3 4 5]

Applying id() function:
139747815479536

a is assigned to b:
[0 1 2 3 4 5]
b has same id():
139747815479536

Change shape of b:
[[0 1]
 [2 3]
 [4 5]]

Shape of a also gets changed:
[[0 1]
 [2 3]
 [4 5]]

视图或浅拷贝

NumPy 有 ndarray.view() 方法,它是一个新的数组对象,它查看与原始数组相同的数据。 与前面的情况不同,新数组维度的变化不会改变原始数组的维度。

示例

import numpy as np 
# To begin with, a is 3X2 array 
a = np.arange(6).reshape(3,2) 

print 'Array a:' 
print a  

print 'Create view of a:' 
b = a.view() 
print b  

print 'id() for both the arrays are different:' 
print 'id() of a:'
print id(a)  
print 'id() of b:' 
print id(b)  

# Change the shape of b. It does not change the shape of a 
b.shape = 2,3 

print 'Shape of b:' 
print b  

print 'Shape of a:' 
print a

它将产生以下输出 −

Array a:
[[0 1]
 [2 3]
 [4 5]]

Create view of a:
[[0 1]
 [2 3]
 [4 5]]

id() for both the arrays are different:
id() of a:
140424307227264
id() of b:
140424151696288

Shape of b:
[[0 1 2]
 [3 4 5]]

Shape of a:
[[0 1]
 [2 3]
 [4 5]]

数组切片创建视图。

示例

import numpy as np 
a = np.array([[10,10], [2,3], [4,5]]) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print a  

print 'Create a slice:' 
s = a[:, :2] 
print s 

它将产生以下输出 −

Our array is:
[[10 10]
 [ 2 3]
 [ 4 5]]

Create a slice:
[[10 10]
 [ 2 3]
 [ 4 5]]

深拷贝

ndarray.copy() 函数创建深拷贝。 它是数组及其数据的完整副本,不与原始数组共享。

示例

import numpy as np 
a = np.array([[10,10], [2,3], [4,5]]) 

print 'Array a is:' 
print a  

print 'Create a deep copy of a:' 
b = a.copy() 
print 'Array b is:' 
print b 

#b does not share any memory of a 
print 'Can we write b is a' 
print b is a  

print 'Change the contents of b:' 
b[0,0] = 100 

print 'Modified array b:' 
print b  

print 'a remains unchanged:' 
print a

它将产生以下输出 −

Array a is:
[[10 10]
 [ 2 3]
 [ 4 5]]

Create a deep copy of a:
Array b is:
[[10 10]
 [ 2 3]
 [ 4 5]]
Can we write b is a
False

Change the contents of b:
Modified array b:
[[100 10]
 [ 2 3]
 [ 4 5]]

a remains unchanged:
[[10 10]
 [ 2 3]
 [ 4 5]]